What does the term 'gross floor area' typically exclude?

Gross floor area refers to the total building area measured from the exterior walls and includes all usable spaces within a building. However, it typically excludes unenclosed areas, which are spaces that are not fully enclosed by walls and ceilings. For example, balconies, patios, or any open areas would not be counted in gross floor area calculations. Understanding this distinction is essential, especially in real estate, as it directly impacts valuations, property taxes, and development decisions.

Considering the other options, building foundations are part of the gross floor area because they contribute to the structure's footprint. Common hallways and restrooms are included in the gross floor area since they are integral to the building's functioning. Emergency exits are also part of the gross floor area as they are essential for safety regulations. Hence, unenclosed areas are the only spaces that would typically be excluded from this measurement.